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Fyodor Andreyevich Matisen ((ロシア語:Фёдор Андреевич Матисен)) (June 1 (O.S. May 20), 1872, Saint Petersburg — December 19, 1921, Irkutsk) was an officer of the Russian Imperial Navy, hydrographer, and explorer. Matisen explored and mapped wide areas of the coast of the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea in the Russian Arctic. He was a friend of Alexander Kolchak and a member of the Russian Geographical Society and the Russian Academy of Sciences. After having been senior officer and second-in-command, Matisen became the captain of Polar ship ''Zarya'' during the last part of the Russian polar expedition of 1900–02 led by Baron Eduard Toll. ==The Russian Polar Expedition (1900–1903)== Fyodor Andreyevich Matisen graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps in 1897. Barely two years later he took part in the 1899 Russian expedition to Svalbard. Owing to the experience in polar exploration he acquired in Svalbard Matisen was chosen for Toll's Polar expedition on behalf of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He was named assistant to commander of Polar ship ''Zarya'' Nikolai Kolomeitsev. Matisen's friend Alexander Kolchak accompanied the expedition as third naval officer and hydrographer. All leading officers were from military background.〔 During the first wintering of ''Zarya'' close to Taymyr Island, the disagreements between Toll and Kolomeitsev became unsurmountable.〔E. Toll. ''Die Russische Polarfahrt der ''Sarja'' 1900-1902 aus den hinterlassenen Tagebüchern von Baron Eduard Von Toll.'' Berlin 1909〕 Finally Eduard Toll sent Kolomeitsev away on a long sledge trip overland with the mission of organizing coal depots for the ship. When the former captain was gone Matisen was appointed by Toll as ''Zaryas commander. In March, while ''Zarya'' was still stuck in ice, Matisen explored the Nordenskiöld Archipelago on dogsled through the frozen sea as far as Russky Island. From there he swung SW, then south through another region of the large archipelago. On this trip Matisen could only survey parts of the coastlines of many of the Nordenskiöld islands, but on a subsequent trip in April he was able to make corrections to this survey by determining with accuracy the coordinates of at least one island in each of the groups in which he divided the archipelago. In total Matisen discovered and named about 40 islands of the Nordenskiöld Archipelago; he also arranged the archipelago into the following four main groups: Vilkitsky Islands, Pakhtusov Islands, Tsivolko Islands and Litke Islands.〔William Barr, ''Baron Eduard von Toll's Last Expedition: The Russian Polar Expedition, 1900-1903''〕 After the thaw, Matisen led ''Zarya'' across the Laptev Sea to the New Siberian Islands. The aim of Toll's expedition was to explore well the area north of the New Siberian Islands and eventually sail towards the Pole in order to find the elusive Sannikov Land.〔 However, ''Zarya'' was trapped in fast ice and was unlikely to be freed that winter. Leaving the ship, Eduard Toll and three companions went in search of Sannikov Land on foot and kayaks. They vanished in November 1902 while travelling away from Bennett Island towards the south on loose ice floes. The ''Zarya'' was able to set sail only on 11 August 1902; it headed straight towards Bennett Island but was unable to approach the island on account of the ice. Finally Captain Matisen abandoned the attempt and sailed towards the Lena river delta.〔(Expedition to the Mouths of the Lena )〕 Baron Eduard Toll and his party were never found. Despite this tragedy, the expedition was not a failure. Many important oceanographic investigations were carried out, so that the study of data continued till 1917 and remained uncompleted. Besides, the Expedition plotted about 200 new geographical names on the map of the Arctic region.〔(V. Sinyukov, ''The contribution of the Russian polar expedition (1900 – 1903) in oceanographic investigation of the Arctic Seas of Russia.'' S. I. Vavilov Institute of the History of Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia )〕 After exploring the mouths of the Lena River Commander Matisen left a badly leaking ''Zarya'' to sink at Tiksi Bay, close to the Lena delta. On 6 August 1903, after forwarding all scientific equipment to Saint Petersburg, the ship was stripped and its hull was allowed to fill with water. Matisen lowered the flag of the Neva Yacht Club for the last time and left ''Zarya''. Matisen returned to Yakutsk on board ship ''Lena'' with Captain Yershevskiy. Apparently ''Zaryas remains still lie close to Brusneva Island at Bukhta Tiksi.〔 In 1904-1905 Matisen saw active service in the Russo-Japanese War. He was a senior navigator on cruiser Zhemchug which was rushed to Tsushima to assist the Russian fleet. He took part in the Battle of Tsushima.〔(Матисен Фёдор Андреевич (1872—1921) )〕 At the time of the Russian Revolution of 1917 when the Russian fleet virtually ceased to exist, Matisen left Russia like many of his naval colleagues. He served as a hydrographer in the British Royal Navy for a period of time, but opted to return to Russia and went to Vladivostok in 1919. During a journey to the Far Eastern Republic Matisen contracted typhus. He became severely ill and was sent to a military hospital in Irkutsk where he died in December 1921.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fyodor Matisen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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